Advanced Biology
進階生物學
In this final lesson you will learn how your body defends itself against disease, how vaccines and biotechnology work, and how we protect the living world through conservation.
在最後一課，你會學習身體怎樣抵抗疾病、疫苗和生物技術如何運作，以及我們怎樣透過保育保護生物世界。
1 · The immune system
免疫系統
Your immune system defends your body against germs. White blood cells find and destroy pathogens. Some white blood cells make antibodies, which stick to pathogens and mark them for destruction. After an infection, your body remembers the germ and can fight it faster next time. This is immunity.
你的免疫系統保護身體免受病菌侵害。白血球找出並消滅病原體。有些白血球製造抗體，抗體黏附病原體並標記它們以作消滅。感染後，你的身體會記住病菌，下次能更快抵抗。這就是免疫力。
2 · Vaccination
疫苗
A vaccine teaches your immune system to fight a disease without making you sick. It contains a weakened or dead part of the pathogen. Your body makes antibodies, so if you meet the real germ later, you are already protected.
疫苗教導你的免疫系統抵抗疾病而不會令你生病。它含有弱化或死亡的病原體部分。你的身體製造抗體，所以之後遇到真正的病菌時，你已經受到保護。
3 · Biotechnology
生物技術
Biotechnology uses living things to make useful products. Genetic engineering changes an organism's DNA. For example, scientists can put a human gene into bacteria so the bacteria make insulin for people with diabetes.
生物技術利用生物來製造有用的產品。基因工程改變生物的 DNA。例如，科學家可以把人類基因放入細菌，讓細菌為糖尿病患者製造胰島素。
4 · Conservation
保育
Conservation means protecting living things and their habitats. It helps prevent species from becoming extinct and keeps ecosystems healthy. Sustainable use of resources means using them without running out.
保育是指保護生物和牠們的棲息地。它有助防止物種滅絕，並保持生態系統健康。可持續地使用資源是指使用資源而不會耗盡。
Conservation protects biodiversity and keeps the planet healthy for the future.
保育保護生物多樣性，讓地球在未來保持健康。
5 · Quick check
小測驗