Ecosystems
生態系統
Every living thing lives in a home and depends on other living things. In this lesson you will learn what an ecosystem is, how food chains work, and how living things adapt to their habitat.
每種生物都住在一個家，並依賴其他生物。在這一課，你會學習甚麼是生態系統、食物鏈如何運作，以及生物怎樣適應牠們的棲息地。
1 · What is an ecosystem?
甚麼是生態系統？
An ecosystem is a place where living things live together and depend on each other. A pond, a forest and a desert are all ecosystems. Every ecosystem has a habitat — the home where each living thing lives.
生態系統是生物一起生活、互相依賴的地方。池塘、森林和沙漠都是生態系統。每個生態系統都有棲息地——即每種生物居住的家。
An ecosystem is the living things and their home, all working together.
生態系統就是生物與牠們的家，一起互相配合。
2 · Food chains
食物鏈
A food chain shows how energy moves from one living thing to another.
食物鏈顯示能量如何在生物之間流動。
- Producers — plants that make their own food using sunlight.生產者——利用陽光自行製造食物的植物。
- Herbivores — animals that eat plants.草食動物——吃植物的動物。
- Carnivores — animals that eat other animals.肉食動物——吃其他動物的動物。
- Decomposers — worms and fungi that break down dead things.分解者——分解死物的蚯蚓和真菌。
3 · Habitats
棲息地
Different living things live in different habitats:
不同的生物住在不同的棲息地：
- Fish live in water.魚住在水裏。
- Camels live in the hot desert.駱駝住在炎熱的沙漠。
- Polar bears live in the cold Arctic.北極熊住在寒冷的北極。
- Trees and birds live in forests.樹和鳥住在森林。
4 · Adaptations
適應
Living things have adaptations that help them survive:
生物有適應能力，幫助牠們生存：
- A camel has a hump to store fat and long eyelashes to keep out sand.駱駝有駝峰儲存脂肪，長睫毛擋沙。
- A polar bear has thick fur and a layer of fat to keep warm.北極熊有厚毛和一層脂肪保暖。
- A fish has gills to breathe underwater.魚有鰓在水裏呼吸。
5 · Quick check
小測驗